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The presence of cyclical microbial processes indicated in the blood
of patients with chronic diseases
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By
Dr Erik O. H. Enby, MD, Göteborg 1989.
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Abstract
The following microscopy techniques concerning untreated blood from
patients with chronic diseases, using ordinary light field and interference
contrast, show that there exists a diffuse ”seed” of
many flake-like structures dispersed among the blood corpuscles.
Initially they seemed to be lifeless, but suddenly and rapidly showed
the capacity to produce many small granules getting clearly mobile
on the slide and seemed to be able to grow in size and even develop
into other formations, for instance dumbbell-shaped forms. This
work confirms the theory of pleomorphism in microbiological science.
As the flakes are rare in the blood of subjectively healthy people,
they are supposed to be involved in different chronic degenerative
disease processes.
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Introduction
This research paper shows photographs of untreated blood using lightfield
with interference contrast microscopy techniques. The observations
documented indicate that there are particular forms of microbial
life in the blood of patients with chronic diseases. This paper
therefore hypothesizes that there may be various kinds of microbial
growths in the body, which have not yet been discovered as a factor
causing degenerative diseases.
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Experimental
procedure
Subjects
A total of 1500 patients were examined, as described below:
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Healthy
individuals
323 subjectively healthy experimental subjects were examined. These
patients who were aged between 20 and 30 had previously only suffered
from common health problems such as colds and flu.
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Patients
A cross-section of cases from Dr. Enby’s clinical practice which
had previously been diagnosed at various hospitals throughout Scandinavia
were categorized under the following types of diagnoses:
- Mentally retarded children
- Hodgkin’s disease
- Different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Different kinds of allergies affecting the
skin or the bronchi for example asthma
- Paralysis-producing diseases: for example
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), Multiple Sclerosis and progressive
muscular dystrophy
- Different kinds of cancer
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Method
Microscope equipment
Leitz’ laboratory microscope Dialux 20 equipment with a 100
watt halogen lamp. Modified UK condenser for darkfield, lightfield
and interference contrast. Binocular phototube FSA. All photographic
documentation was done with Leitz´ completely automatic microscope
camera, Vario-Orthomat. All the photographs were taken with interference
contrast at 1200 times magnification except where indicated at 100
times magnification.
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Materials
and specimens for microscopy
Blood was taken from the fingertip or from near the disease focus
(for example tumours) of the experimental subjects. A drop of blood
was pressed out by capillary action to a thin layer between the
cover slide and the object slide. In order to prevent drying, the
edges of the cover slide were covered with immersion oil. The microscopic
searching for the different types of flakes was carried out immediately.
Where flakes were found, they were observed at regular intervals
under the microscope, often up to one week after the specimens were
taken. All the work was carried out at room temperature.
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Results
Finding flake-like structures was rare in blood from the subjectively
healthy individuals and patients with acute minor illnesses. On
the other hand, flakes were frequently found in the blood from the
disease groups of patients mentioned above. Four types of flakes
have been observed in the blood:
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Limitations
of research methodology
In working with living matter it is important to consider any environmental
or other factors which may influence the accuracy of the research
findings. In this case it may be worth noting that the light from
the microscope may affect for example the granule production of
the flakes. It has been presumed that the sudden and intensive production
of granules by these flakes on the slide also takes place inside
the body. Especially since granule-collections are found so frequently
in the plasma of untreated blood from degeneratively ill individuals.
A possible distortion in the observation of the flakes may be caused
by the pressure of the coverslip, flattening the so-called flake
which would otherwise be found in its entirety in the blood. Under
natural circumstances it is likely that the flake would be a 3-dimensional
prism. This flattening of the flake may also explain the granulated
effect on the upper surface of the flake, which would be due to
the compressed granules, which would normally appear around the
peripheral zone of the flake. In view of this possible distortion
the term ‘flake’ would not be the most accurate term.
In a living context the so-called flakes may better be described
as an octahedron or dodecahedron.(1)
The flakes with their accompanying trails of granules in the photograph
2 and photograph 3 seem
to be in motion. This is, however, not the case as the trail effect
occurs when the coverslip is placed on top of the flake causing the
granules to spread out in this way.
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Summary
of observations
From the photographs presented in this paper a number of observations
were made. Mainly the flake-like structures were found in untreated
blood which initially appeared to be lifeless but showed the capacity
to suddenly and rapidly produce many small granules. These granules
are able to develop and grow into elongated mobile forms. During
the flakes’ granular producing phase, the size of the granules
increases the further away they are found from the flake.
On the slide the granules in the periphery of these heaps developed
the ability to move within 5-6 days and gradually migrate out among
the surrounding blood corpuscles. The granules become clearly mobile
on the slide. They are not merely oscillating and therefore this movement
cannot only be attributed to Brownian motion. On the seventh day they
begin to develop into longer dumbbell-shaped forms (Photograph
12 and figure
2 ). It has not been possible to follow the development of these
granules beyond the 7th day due to the denaturing of the blood on
the slide. The size of the granules varies from a fraction of 1 to
3µ in diameter. Granules of a still
larger diameter were observed more rarely. The occurrence in the plasma
of very small granules of varying sizes has also been described. These
are mobile, and similar granules are sometimes seen in the red, and
always in the white blood corpuscles.
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Discussion
From these microbial morphological findings in the blood there are
several points which may be discussed. In this discussion, we will
firstly look at the comparative results between the subjectively healthy
and chronically ill patients to ascertain whether the observed microbial
forms may indeed be pathogenic. We will then see how these findings
may offer an understanding of the disease process in general.
As the observed flakes were essentially found in the blood of the
individuals with diseases from the categories mentioned earlier (see
Patients) and very rarely in the blood of
subjectively healthy people it is suggested that the flakes might
be disease-creating.
These microscopic observations support earlier findings published
in two previous papers(2, 3).
This earlier research was also based on blood samples from patients
with different kinds of malignant processes and difficult allergies,
neurological, skin, and muscle diseases, and described roe-like
formations which were like heaps of numerous small granules found
in the plasma, as with those from the flakes. With the additional
unique finding of the flakes presented in this paper an explanation
may be offered as to how many of these mobile granules in the plasma
may be formed and that they probably develop into other larger forms.
These granules have also been observed by other researchers under
the darkfield microscope where they appear like small shiny dots.
Further evidence to support the hypothesis that the flakes may be
pathogenic is firstly that they were found more easily in blood
taken nearer to the diseased tissue, for example a cancerous tumour
(Photograph 1b and photograph
1c). Secondly the flakes and granules described in this paper
have also been found in untreated blood from corpses of people with
degenerative diseases. This suggests that after death the breakdown
of the body is due to the activity of a microbial vegetation in
the body fluids which was formerly symbiotic and conducive to health(4).
As the presence of microbial life in the blood is not generally
described in allopathic medical literature, the finding of these
flakes could be considered controversial. Blood, according to current
opinion, is viewed as sterile. This difference of opinion can be
understood in various ways. Firstly the difficulty of observing
microbial life in vivo and secondly, the prevailing beliefs within
allopathic medicine, which until now have stopped the observations
made.
Despite much searching, no microbes have been found that can offer
a convincing explanation for the manifestations of chronic degenerative
and malignant diseases. The flakes documented here have probably not
been recognized in allopathic medicine because they can be difficult
to evaluate microscopically and even impossible to culture because
they would most likely be dependent on the specific environmental
conditions provided by the body. The anaerobic bacteria are another
example of this problem. Their presence for example in insidious postoperative
infections has been difficult to demonstrate. Only through the use
of special techniques for obtaining specimens and special culture
processes it has become possible to identify them(5).
The belief that microorganisms invade the human body, causing somatic
disturbances has been totally accepted by the medical profession since
the time of Pasteur and for many diseases the causative microbe has
been described. This monomorphistic line of thinking has become predominant
throughout microbiology, but the pleomorphistic one, which continues
to exist, poses vital questions for much microbiological reasoning
today.
The monomorphistic school maintains that the microorganisms exist
in one form with constant properties and that they propagate solely
by division. Pasteur agreed with this opinion, and ever since his
time it is generally considered that microorganisms can be divided
into various genera and species, and that the origin of each different
infection can be traced back to its own specific microbe-species.
The pleomorphistic school, on the other hand, maintains that microorganisms
can develop through many different stages forming a continuous developmental
cycle. Each microbial species can cause different types of somatic
disturbance according to their developmental stage in the cycle. One
of the foremost advocates of pleomorphism, Prof. Dr. Günther
Enderlein (1872 - 1968), examined untreated blood using a darkfield
microscope. From this straightforward research technique he confirmed
the existence of microorganisms in the blood that went through different
developmental stages. Enderlein maintained that one species of microbe
could produce different pictures of diseases according to the stages
of development in which they are found. Enderlein presented his research
work, inter alia, in his book “Bakterien – Cyclogenie”
(1924)(6). The results of Enderlein’s research
have up to now been largely disregarded by medical science.
The categorization of the flakes into four types has helped on a
practical level to organize them. It is clear from this research
that these so-called flake types are not actually different species.
Rather, it is likely that they are displaying the pleomorphistic
characteristic of having varying appearances according to their
developmental stage or their environmental conditions.
It is not yet possible to formulate a theory of how the flakes themselves
are formed. Probably all formations described in this paper represent
different developmental stages of a cycle (Figure
3) and the granules – created from the flakes – seem
to represent the continuation of a further development of the flakes
as the granules so clearly are formed by them and grow larger into
other forms with different sizes in a continuous way (Figure
2). Therefore the microbial growths observed in this paper might
follow a cyclical development as described by earlier scientists such
as Enderlein. This is supported further by the appearance of the flakes,
which could be compared to the sulphur-granules, which occur in pus
from tissues infected by different species of Norcardia and Actinomycetes
(7).
From this paper it can be concluded that chronic diseases without
known aetiology could be attributed to the presence of microbial
growths in the body fluids. This microbial life displays pleomorphistic
properties, thereby confirming earlier research and showing that
pleomorphism should be considered an essential part of today´s
microbiological understanding.
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References
(1) Critchlow, Keith
(1987). Order in Space. Hong Kong.
Thames and Hudson.
(2) Enby, Erik O. H.
(1984). Mikrobliknande bildningar i blod
vid kroniska sjukdomar. (Microbe-like
formations in the blood of patients with chronic diseases).
Svensk Tidskrift för Biologisk Medicin, Swedish Journal of
Biological Medicine. No 1. p 22-26.
(3) Enby, Erik O. H.
(1983). Redovisning av fynd vid mikroskopering
av levande blod från två patienter med Morbus Hodgkin
och tre patienter med maligna tumörsjukdomar. (Report
on the findings from the microscopic examination of fresh blood
from two patients with Hodgkin’s Disease and three patients
with malignant tumours). Göteborg. Edition C&L
Förlag. ISBN 91-970480-1-1.
(4) Enby, Erik O. H.
(1986). Some
principles of Somatic Ecology. Journal of Alternative
Medicine. Vol 4. No 3. p 7-9, 23.
(5) Silver, S.
(1980). Anaerobic Bacteriology for the
Clinical Laboratory. C.V. Mosby Company.
(6) Enderlein, Günther
(1981). Bakterien-Cyclogenie. (2.
Ausgabe). Hoya. Semmelweis-Verlag.
(7) Rippon, John W.
(1982). Medical Mycology: The Pathogenic
Fungi and The Pathogenic Actinomycetes. (2nd edition). Philadelphia.
W B Saunders Co.
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© 1989-2004. Dr Erik Enby. All rights reserved. This article
may only be reproduced in its entirety.
Figure 2 and 3: Monica Bryant, BSc (Hons)
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